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Dogaro da centrifugation na likita a tarihi ya buƙaci amfani da kayan kasuwanci masu tsada, ƙato, da lantarki masu dogaro da wutar lantarki, waɗanda galibi ba a samun su a cikin iyakantaccen albarkatun albarkatu.Ko da yake an bayyana centrifuges da yawa šaukuwa, marasa tsada, marasa motsi, waɗannan mafita an yi niyya ne da farko don aikace-aikacen bincike waɗanda ke buƙatar ɗan ƙaramin ɗigon ruwa.Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar waɗannan na'urori sau da yawa yana buƙatar yin amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da kayan aiki waɗanda ba a saba samuwa a wuraren da ba a iya amfani da su ba.Anan mun bayyana ƙira, taro, da ingantaccen gwajin gwaji na CentREUSE, ƙaramin farashi mai rahusa, mai sarrafa ɗan adam, centrifuge na tushen sharar gida mai ɗaukar hoto don aikace-aikacen warkewa.CentREUSE yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarfin centrifugal na 10.5 dangi centrifugal Force (RCF) ± 1.3.Tsayar da 1.0 ml vitreous dakatar da triamcinolone bayan minti 3 na centrifugation a cikin CentREUSE ya kasance kwatankwacin haka bayan sa'o'i 12 na raguwa mai nauyi (0.41 ml ± 0.04 vs 0.38 ml ± 0.03, p = 0.14).Sediment thickening bayan CentREUSE centrifugation na 5 da 10 mintuna idan aka kwatanta da abin da aka lura bayan centrifugation a 10 RCF (0.31 ml ± 0.02 vs. 0.32 ml ± 0.03, p = 0.20) da 50 RCF (0.20 ml) da 50 RCF (0.20 ml) na 5 minti ta amfani da kayan aiki na kasuwanci Simi. 0.02 vs. 0.19 ml ± 0.01, p = 0.15).Samfura da umarnin gini na CentREUSE an haɗa su a cikin wannan buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen sakon.
Centrifugation mataki ne mai mahimmanci a cikin gwaje-gwajen bincike da yawa da hanyoyin warkewa1,2,3,4.Koyaya, samun isassun centrifugation a tarihi yana buƙatar amfani da kayan kasuwanci masu tsada, ƙato, da lantarki masu dogaro da wutar lantarki, waɗanda galibi ba a samun su a cikin iyakantaccen albarkatun albarkatu2,4.A cikin 2017, ƙungiyar Prakash ta gabatar da ƙaramin centrifuge na tushen takarda (wanda ake kira "paper puffer") wanda aka yi daga kayan da aka riga aka keɓance akan $0.20 ($)2.Tun daga wannan lokacin, an tura fugue takarda a cikin saitunan iyakantaccen albarkatu don aikace-aikacen bincike mai ƙarancin ƙima (misali na tushen yawa na sassan jini a cikin bututun capillary don gano ƙwayoyin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro), don haka yana nuna kayan aiki mai ƙarfi mai arha mai arha.centrifuge 2 .Tun daga wannan lokacin, an kwatanta wasu ƙananan na'urori masu araha, marasa tsada, na'urori masu motsi da ba a sarrafa su ba4,5,6,7,8,9,10.Duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan mafita, kamar hayaƙin takarda, an yi niyya ne don dalilai na bincike waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarami na lalata don haka ba za a iya amfani da su don tara manyan samfuran ƙira ba.Bugu da ƙari, haɗuwa da waɗannan mafita sau da yawa yana buƙatar yin amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da kayan aiki waɗanda sau da yawa ba a samuwa a wuraren da ba a kula da su ba4,5,6,7,8,9,10.
Anan mun bayyana ƙira, taro, da tabbatar da gwajin gwaji na centrifuge (wanda ake kira CentREUSE) wanda aka gina daga sharar fugue na takarda na al'ada don aikace-aikacen warkewa waɗanda yawanci ke buƙatar babban juzu'i.Case 1, 3 A matsayin hujja na ra'ayi, mun gwada na'urar tare da saƙon ido na gaske: hazo na dakatarwar triamcinolone a cikin acetone (TA) don allurar maganin bolus na gaba cikin jikin vitreous na ido.Ko da yake centrifugation ga TA maida hankali ne a gane low-cost tsoma baki ga dogon lokacin da magani na daban-daban ido yanayi, da bukatar kasuwanci samuwa centrifuges a lokacin miyagun ƙwayoyi tsara shi ne babban shãmaki ga yin amfani da wannan far a cikin albarkatun-iyakantattun saituna1,2, 3.idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon da aka samu tare da centrifuges na kasuwanci na al'ada.Samfura da umarni don gina CentREUSE an haɗa su a cikin wannan buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen tushe a cikin sashin “Ƙarin Bayani”.
Ana iya gina CentREUSE kusan gaba ɗaya daga guntu.Dukkan kwafin samfurin madauwari biyu (Ƙarin Hoto S1) an buga su akan daidaitaccen takardar wasiƙar carbon ta Amurka (215.9 mm × 279.4 mm).Samfuran madauwari guda biyu da aka haɗe suna bayyana fasalulluka maɓalli guda uku na na'urar CentREUSE, gami da (1) gefen waje na faifan kaɗi na 247mm, (2) an ƙirƙira don ɗaukar sirinji 1.0ml (tare da hula da yanke plunger).tsagi a cikin shank) da (3) alamomi guda biyu da ke nuna inda za a buga ramuka ta yadda igiya za ta iya wucewa ta cikin faifan.
Riƙe (misali tare da manne ko tef ɗin gabaɗaya) samfuri zuwa allon ƙugiya (ƙaramar girman: 247 mm × 247 mm) (Ƙarin Hoto S2a).An yi amfani da madaidaicin allon katako na “A” (kauri 4.8 mm) a cikin wannan binciken, amma ana iya amfani da katako mai kauri irin wannan, kamar katako daga akwatunan jigilar kaya da aka jefar.Yin amfani da kayan aiki mai kaifi (kamar ruwa ko almakashi), yanke kwali tare da gefen diski na waje wanda aka zayyana akan samfuri (Ƙarin Hoto S2b).Sannan, ta yin amfani da kunkuntar kayan aiki mai kaifi (kamar tip ɗin alƙalami), ƙirƙira ƙwanƙwasa cike da kauri guda biyu tare da radius na 8.5 mm bisa ga alamomin da aka samo akan samfurin (Ƙarin Hoto S2c).Sai a yanke ramuka biyu don sirinji na 1.0 ml daga samfurin da madaidaicin saman kwali ta amfani da kayan aiki mai nuni kamar reza;dole ne a kula da kar a lalata ma'auni mai rufin da ke ƙasa ko ragowar saman ƙasa (Ƙarin Hoto S2d, e) .Sannan a zare igiyar igiya (misali igiyar auduga na dafa abinci 3mm ko kowane zaren mai kauri da elasticity) ta cikin ramukan biyu sannan a ɗaura madauki a kowane gefen diski mai tsayin 30cm (Ƙarin Hoton S2f).
Cika sirinji guda biyu 1.0 ml tare da kusan daidai adadin (misali 1.0 ml na dakatarwar TA) da hula.Sannan an yanke sandar sirinji a matakin flange na ganga (Ƙarin Hoto S2g, h).Sannan ana rufe flange na Silinda da tef don hana fitar da fistan da aka yanke yayin amfani da kayan aiki.Kowane sirinji 1.0 ml sai a sanya shi a cikin rijiyar sirinji tare da hular da ke fuskantar tsakiyar diski (Ƙarin Hoto S2i).Kowane sirinji sai an makala aƙalla diski tare da tef ɗin mannewa (Ƙarin Hoto S2j).A ƙarshe, kammala taron centrifuge ta hanyar sanya alƙalami biyu (kamar fensir ko makamancin kayan aiki masu kama da sanda) a kowane ƙarshen kirtani a cikin madauki (Hoto 1).
Umarnin don amfani da CentREUSE yayi kama da na kayan wasan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na gargajiya.Ana fara jujjuyawar ta hanyar riƙe da hannu a kowane hannu.Ɗauki kaɗan a cikin igiyoyin yana sa diski ya yi girgiza gaba ko baya, yana sa diski ya juya gaba ko baya bi da bi.Ana yin haka sau da yawa a hankali, sarrafawa ta yadda igiyoyin ke lanƙwasa.Sannan a daina motsi.Yayin da igiyoyin suka fara kwancewa, ana jan hannun da ƙarfi har sai igiyoyin sun bushe, yana sa diski ya juya.Da zaran igiyar ba ta daɗe kuma ta fara juyawa, ya kamata a sassauta hannun a hankali.Yayin da igiyar ta fara kwancewa, yi amfani da jerin motsi iri ɗaya don ci gaba da jujjuyawar na'urar (bidiyo S1).
Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar sedimentation na dakatarwa ta hanyar centrifugation, na'urar tana ci gaba da jujjuyawar har sai an sami gamsasshen granulation (Ƙarin Hoto S3a,b).Barbashi masu sarkakiya za su yi a ƙarshen sirinji kuma mai ƙarfi zai maida hankali zuwa ƙarshen sirinji.Daga nan sai aka zubar da magudanar ruwa ta hanyar cire tef ɗin da ke rufe ɓangarorin ganga da gabatar da na biyu don a hankali tura ɗan ƙasan zuwa ga tip ɗin sirinji, yana tsayawa lokacin da ya isa gaɓar fili (Ƙarin Hoto S3c,d).
Don ƙayyade saurin juyawa, na'urar CentREUSE, sanye take da sirinji guda biyu na 1.0 ml cike da ruwa, an yi rikodin ta tare da kyamarar bidiyo mai sauri (firam 240 a sakan daya) na 1 min bayan isa ga tsayayyen yanayin oscillation.Alamomi kusa da gefen faifan juyi an bibiyar su da hannu ta amfani da binciken firam-by-frame na rikodin don tantance adadin juyi a minti daya (rpm) (Hoto 2a-d).Maimaita n = 10 ƙoƙari.Ƙarfin centrifugal na dangi (RCF) a tsakiyar tsakiyar ganga sirinji ana ƙididdige shi ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa:
Ƙididdigar saurin juyawa tare da CentREUSE.(A–D) Hotunan jeri na wakilci suna nuna lokacin (minti: daƙiƙa. millise seconds) don kammala jujjuya na'urar.Kibiyoyi suna nuna alamun alama.(E) Ƙididdigar RPM ta amfani da CentREUSE.Layukan suna wakiltar ma'ana (ja) ± daidaitaccen karkacewa (baƙar fata).Makin suna wakiltar gwaji guda ɗaya na minti 1 (n = 10).
Siringe na 1.0 ml mai ɗauke da dakatarwar TA don allura (40 mg/ml, Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ, USA) an saka shi don 3, 5 da mintuna 10 ta amfani da CentREUSE.Sedimentation ta yin amfani da wannan dabara aka kwatanta da wanda aka samu bayan centrifugation a 10, 20, da kuma 50 RCF ta amfani da A-4-62 rotor for 5 min a kan Eppendorf 5810R benchtop centrifuge (Hamburg, Jamus).Hakanan an kwatanta adadin hazo da adadin hazo da aka samu ta amfani da hazo mai dogaro da nauyi a wurare daban-daban daga mintuna 0 zuwa 720.An yi jimlar n = 9 maimaita masu zaman kansu don kowace hanya.
An yi duk nazarin ƙididdiga ta amfani da software na Prism 9.0 (GraphPad, San Diego, Amurka).Ana gabatar da dabi'u azaman ma'anar ± daidaitaccen karkata (SD) sai dai in an lura da shi.An kwatanta hanyoyin rukuni ta amfani da t-gwajin Welch mai wutsiya biyu.An bayyana Alpha a matsayin 0.05.Don dogaron da ke dogaro da nauyi, ƙirar ɓarna mai fa'ida-ɗaya-ɗaya an daidaita ta ta amfani da koma bayan mafi ƙanƙanta murabba'ai, da maimaita ƙimar y don ƙimar x da aka bayar a matsayin aya ɗaya.
inda x shine lokacin cikin mintuna.y - ƙarar ruwa.y0 shine darajar y lokacin da x ya zama sifili.Plateau shine ƙimar y na mintuna marasa iyaka.K shine madaidaicin ƙima, wanda aka bayyana azaman madaidaicin mintuna.
Na'urar CentREUSE ta nuna abin dogaro, jujjuyawar jujjuyawar da ba ta layi ba ta hanyar amfani da madaidaitan sirinji 1.0 ml guda biyu cike da 1.0 ml na ruwa kowanne (bidiyo S1).A cikin n = gwaji na 10 (minti 1 kowanne), CentREUSE yana da matsakaicin saurin juyawa na 359.4 rpm ± 21.63 (kewaye = 337-398), wanda ya haifar da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin centrifugal na 10.5 RCF ± 1, 3 (kewayon = 9.2-12.8). ).(Hoto na 2 a-e).
Hanyoyi da yawa don pelleting dakatarwar TA a cikin sirinji na 1.0 ml an kimanta kuma idan aka kwatanta da centrifugation na CentREUSE.Bayan sa'o'i 12 na daidaitawar dogaro da nauyi, ƙarar simintin ya kai 0.38 ml ± 0.03 (Ƙarin Hoton S4a,b).Dogaro da nauyin nauyi na TA ya yi daidai da samfurin ɓarna na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lokaci guda (wanda aka gyara ta R2 = 0.8582), wanda ya haifar da ƙididdiga na 0.3804 mL (95% tazarar amincewa: 0.3578 zuwa 0.4025) (Ƙarin Hoto S4c).CentREUSE ta samar da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarar 0.41 ml ± 0.04 a cikin mintuna 3, wanda yayi kama da ma'anar ƙimar 0.38 ml ± 0.03 da aka lura don lalatawar dogaro da nauyi a sa'o'i 12 (p = 0.14) (Fig. 3a, d, h) .CentREUSE ya ba da ƙarin ƙarar ƙarar 0.31 ml ± 0.02 a cikin mintuna 5 idan aka kwatanta da ma'anar 0.38 ml ± 0.03 da aka lura don lalata tushen nauyi a sa'o'i 12 (p = 0.0001) (Fig. 3b, d, h).
Kwatanta ƙimar pellet TA da aka samu ta hanyar CentREUSE centrifugation tare da daidaitawar nauyi tare da daidaitattun masana'antu centrifugation (A-C).Hotunan wakilci na dakatarwar TA da aka hako a cikin 1.0ml sirinji bayan min 3 (A), 5 min (B), da 10 min (C) na amfani da CentREUSE.(D) Hotunan wakilai na ajiya TA bayan awa 12 na daidaitawar nauyi.(EG) Hotunan wakilai na tsattsauran ra'ayi na TA bayan daidaitaccen centrifugation na kasuwanci a 10 RCF (E), 20 RCF (F), da 50 RCF (G) na 5 min.(H) An ƙididdige ƙarar ƙwayar cuta ta amfani da CentREUSE (3, 5, da 10 min), ƙaddamarwa mai tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki (12 h), da daidaitaccen centrifugation na masana'antu a 5 min (10, 20, da 50 RCF).Layukan suna wakiltar ma'ana (ja) ± daidaitaccen karkacewa (baƙar fata).Dige-dige suna wakiltar maimaita masu zaman kansu (n = 9 ga kowane yanayi).
CentREUSE ya samar da ma'anar ma'anar 0.31 ml ± 0.02 bayan mintuna 5, wanda yayi kama da ma'anar 0.32 ml ± 0.03 da aka lura a cikin ma'auni na kasuwanci a 10 RCF na minti 5 (p = 0.20), kuma kadan kadan fiye da ma'anar girma. An samu tare da 20 RCF a 0.28 ml ± 0.03 na 5 mintuna (p = 0.03) (Fig. 3b, e, f, h).CentREUSE ya samar da ma'anar ma'anar 0.20 ml ± 0.02 a cikin minti na 10, wanda ya kasance kamar ƙananan (p = 0.15) idan aka kwatanta da ma'auni na 0.19 ml ± 0.01 a minti na 5 da aka lura tare da centrifuge na kasuwanci a 50 RCF (Fig. 3c, g, h)..
Anan mun bayyana ƙira, taro, da tabbatarwa na gwaji na ƙarancin farashi mai rahusa, šaukuwa, mai sarrafa ɗan adam, centrifuge na tushen takarda da aka yi daga sharar warkewa ta al'ada.Zane ya dogara ne akan centrifuge na tushen takarda (wanda ake nufi da "fugue takarda") wanda ƙungiyar Prakash ta gabatar a cikin 2017 don aikace-aikacen bincike.Ganin cewa centrifugation a tarihi yana buƙatar amfani da kayan kasuwanci masu tsada, ƙaƙƙarfan, da lantarki masu dogaro da wutar lantarki, centrifuge na Prakash yana ba da kyakkyawar mafita ga matsalar rashin tsaro ta samun centrifugation a cikin iyakantaccen albarkatun albarkatu2,4.Tun daga nan, paperfuge ya nuna amfani mai amfani a cikin aikace-aikacen bincike mai ƙarancin ƙaranci da yawa, kamar rarrabuwar jini mai tushen yawa don gano zazzabin cizon sauro.Koyaya, gwargwadon iliminmu, makamantan na'urorin centrifuge na tushen takarda masu rahusa ba a yi amfani da su don dalilai na warkewa ba, yanayin da yawanci ke buƙatar ƙarar ƙararrawa.
Tare da wannan a zuciya, manufar CentREUSE ita ce faɗaɗa amfani da centrifugation na takarda a cikin maganin warkewa.An cimma wannan ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare da yawa ga ƙirar bayyanar Prakash.Musamman, don ƙara tsawon daidaitattun sirinji guda biyu na 1.0 ml, CentREUSE ya ƙunshi babban faifai (radius = 123.5 mm) fiye da mafi girman wringer takarda na Prakash da aka gwada (radius = 85 mm).Bugu da ƙari, don tallafawa ƙarin nauyin sirinji na 1.0 ml da aka cika da ruwa, CentREUSE tana amfani da kwali mai kwali maimakon kwali.Tare, waɗannan gyare-gyare suna ba da damar centrifugation na babban kundin fiye da waɗanda aka gwada a cikin mai tsabtace takarda na Prakash (watau sirinji 1.0 ml guda biyu tare da capillaries) yayin da har yanzu suna dogaro da abubuwa iri ɗaya: filament da kayan tushen takarda.Musamman ma, an siffanta wasu centrifuges masu arha da yawa don dalilai na bincike4,5,6,7,8,9,10.Waɗannan sun haɗa da na'urori masu juyawa, masu bugun salati, masu bugun kwai, da tociyoyin hannu don jujjuya na'urori5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan na'urori ba a tsara su don ɗaukar juzu'i har zuwa 1.0 ml ba kuma sun ƙunshi kayan da galibi suka fi tsada. kuma ba zai iya isa ba fiye da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin centrifuges na takarda2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10..A gaskiya ma, ana samun kayan takarda da aka jefar a ko'ina;alal misali, a Amurka, takarda da allo na sama da kashi 20 cikin 100 na sharar gida na birni, suna samar da wadataccen abu, mara tsada, ko ma kyauta don gina sandunan takarda.misali CentREUSE11.Har ila yau, idan aka kwatanta da wasu ƙananan ƙananan hanyoyin da aka buga, CentREUSE ba ya buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman (kamar 3D kayan aiki da software, Laser yankan hardware da software, da dai sauransu) don ƙirƙirar, sa kayan aikin ya fi ƙarfin albarkatu..Waɗannan mutanen suna cikin muhalli 4, 8, 9, 10.
A matsayin tabbacin fa'idar fa'idar centrifuge ta takarda don dalilai na warkewa, muna nuna saurin daidaitawa da dogaro na dakatarwar triamcinolone a cikin acetone (TA) don allurar bolus mai ƙarfi-ƙasa mai ƙarancin farashi don maganin dogon lokaci na cututtukan ido daban-daban. ,3.Sakamakon daidaitawa bayan mintuna 3 tare da CentREUSE sun yi daidai da sakamakon bayan sa'o'i 12 na daidaitawar matsakaicin nauyi.Bugu da ƙari, sakamakon CentREUSE bayan centrifugation na 5 da 10 mintuna ya wuce sakamakon da za a samu ta hanyar nauyi kuma sun kasance daidai da waɗanda aka lura bayan masana'antu na masana'antu a 10 da 50 RCF na minti 5, bi da bi.Musamman ma, a cikin kwarewarmu, CentREUSE yana samar da mafi sauƙi da sauƙi mai sauƙi-mafi girma fiye da sauran hanyoyin da aka gwada;wannan yana da kyawawa yayin da yake ba da izinin ƙima mai mahimmanci na kashi na miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma yana da sauƙi don cire supernatant tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.
Zaɓin wannan aikace-aikacen a matsayin hujja na ra'ayi an motsa shi ta hanyar ci gaba da buƙatar haɓaka damar yin amfani da steroids na intravitreal na dogon lokaci a cikin iyakantattun saitunan albarkatu.Ana amfani da steroids na intravitreal don magance yanayin ido iri-iri, ciki har da ciwon sukari macular edema, shekaru masu alaka da macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusion, uveitis, radiation retinopathy, da cystic macular edema3,12.Daga cikin magungunan da ake samu don gudanar da intravitreal, TA ya kasance mafi yawan amfani da ita a duk duniya12.Ko da yake shirye-shirye ba tare da TA preservatives (PF-TA) suna samuwa (misali, Triesence [40 mg / mL, Alcon, Fort Worth, USA]), shirye-shirye tare da benzyl barasa preservatives (misali, Kenalog-40 [40 mg / mL, Bristol- Myers Squibb, New York, Amurka]) ya kasance mafi mashahuri3,12.Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙungiyar magunguna ta ƙarshe ta amince da Cibiyar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) don amfani da intramuscular da intraarticular kawai, don haka ana ɗaukar kulawar intraocular ba a rajista ba 3, 12.Ko da yake adadin allura na intravitreal TA ya bambanta bisa ga nuni da fasaha, mafi yawan adadin da aka ruwaito shine 4.0 MG (watau ƙarar allurar 0.1 ml daga maganin 40 MG / ml), wanda yawanci yana ba da tsawon jiyya na kusan watanni 3 Tasiri 1 , 12, 13, 14, 15.
Don tsawaita aikin steroids na intravitreal a cikin cututtukan ido na yau da kullun, mai tsanani ko maimaituwa, an gabatar da na'urorin steroid masu tsayi da yawa waɗanda za a iya dasa su ko injectable, gami da dexamethasone 0.7 MG (Ozurdex, Allergan, Dublin, Ireland), Relax fluoride acetonide 0.59 mg (Retisert) , Bausch da Lomb, Laval, Kanada) da fluocinolone acetonide 0.19 mg (Iluvien, Alimera Sciences, Alpharetta, Jojiya, Amurka) 3,12.Koyaya, waɗannan na'urori suna da illa da yawa masu yuwuwa.A cikin Amurka, kowace na'ura an yarda da ita kawai don ƴan alamu, iyakance ɗaukar hoto.Bugu da kari, wasu na'urori suna buƙatar dasawa na fiɗa kuma suna iya haifar da rikitarwa na musamman kamar ƙaura na na'ura zuwa ɗakin gaba3,12.Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan na'urori suna da ƙarancin samuwa kuma suna da tsada fiye da TA3,12;a farashin Amurka na yanzu, Kenalog-40 yana kashe kusan $20 a kowace 1.0 ml na dakatarwa, yayin da Ozurdex, Retisert, da Iluvien ke faɗowa.Kudin shiga yana kusan $1400., $20,000 da $9,200 bi da bi.Tare, waɗannan abubuwan suna iyakance isa ga waɗannan na'urori ga mutanen da ke cikin ƙaƙƙarfan saitunan albarkatu.
An yi ƙoƙari don tsawaita tasirin intravitreal TA1,3,16,17 saboda ƙarancin kuɗin sa, ƙarin ramuwa mai karimci, da samun dama.Ganin ƙarancin narkewar ruwa, TA ya kasance a cikin ido a matsayin wurin ajiya, yana ba da izinin yaduwar ƙwayar cuta a hankali da ɗanɗano, don haka ana tsammanin tasirin zai daɗe tare da manyan wuraren ajiya1,3.Don wannan, an haɓaka hanyoyi da yawa don mayar da hankali kan dakatarwar TA kafin allura a cikin vitreous.Ko da yake an bayyana hanyoyin da suka dogara da m (watau nauyin nauyi) daidaitawa ko microfiltration, waɗannan hanyoyin suna da ɗan ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma suna ba da sakamako mai canzawa15,16,17.Akasin haka, binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna cewa TA na iya zama cikin sauri da kuma dogara da hankali (saboda haka tsawaita aiki) ta hanyar hazo-taimakon centrifugation1,3.A ƙarshe, saukakawa, ƙarancin farashi, tsawon lokaci, da inganci na mai da hankali ta tsakiya ta TA sanya wannan saƙon ya zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ga marasa lafiya a cikin saitunan iyakantaccen albarkatu.Duk da haka, rashin samun damar samun abin dogaro mai ƙarfi na iya zama babban shinge ga aiwatar da wannan shiga tsakani;Ta hanyar magance wannan batu, CentREUSE na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara yawan samun maganin steroid na dogon lokaci ga marasa lafiya a cikin saitunan iyakantaccen albarkatu.
Akwai wasu iyakoki a cikin bincikenmu, gami da waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aiki na asali ga kayan aikin CentREUSE.Na'urar ba ta layi ba ce, oscillator mara ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya dogara da shigar da mutum don haka ba zai iya samar da daidaitaccen adadin jujjuyawar juzu'i yayin amfani;Saurin jujjuyawar ya dogara da sauye-sauye da yawa, kamar tasirin mai amfani akan matakin mallakar na'urar, takamaiman kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen haɗa kayan aiki, da ingancin haɗin da ake jujjuyawa.Wannan ya bambanta da kayan aikin kasuwanci inda za'a iya amfani da saurin juyawa akai-akai kuma daidai.Bugu da kari, gudun da CentREUSE ya samu ana iya la'akari da shi a matsayin matsakaici idan aka kwatanta da gudun da wasu na'urorin centrifuge2 suka samu.An yi sa'a, saurin (da haɗin gwiwa) da na'urarmu ta samar ya isa don gwada ma'anar dalla-dalla a cikin bincikenmu (watau ajiya TA).Ana iya ƙara saurin jujjuya ta hanyar haskaka yawan faifai na tsakiya 2;Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da abu mai sauƙi (kamar kwali mai sira) idan yana da ƙarfi don ɗaukar sirinji guda biyu cike da ruwa.A cikin yanayinmu, yanke shawarar yin amfani da kwali na daidaitaccen "A" (kauri 4.8 mm) ya kasance da gangan, saboda ana samun wannan kayan sau da yawa a cikin akwatunan jigilar kaya don haka ana samun sauƙin samu azaman kayan da za'a iya sake yin amfani da su.Hakanan za'a iya ƙara saurin juyawa ta hanyar rage radius na diski na tsakiya 2.Koyaya, radius na dandalinmu an yi shi da gangan don ɗaukar sirinji 1.0 ml.Idan mai amfani yana sha'awar sanya gajerun tasoshin jiragen ruwa, za a iya rage radius-canji wanda zai iya haifar da saurin jujjuyawa (da yuwuwar manyan rundunonin centrifugal).
Bugu da ƙari, ba mu yi la'akari da tasirin gajiyar ma'aikaci akan aikin kayan aiki ba.Abin sha'awa, da yawa daga cikin membobin ƙungiyarmu sun sami damar yin amfani da na'urar na tsawon mintuna 15 ba tare da gaji ba.Wata yuwuwar mafita ga gajiyar mai aiki lokacin da ake buƙatar dogon centrifuges shine a juya masu amfani biyu ko fiye (idan zai yiwu).Bugu da kari, ba mu yi la'akari da dacewar na'urar ba, a wani bangare saboda abubuwan da ke cikin na'urar (kamar kwali da igiya) ana iya sauya su cikin sauƙi ko kaɗan ko kaɗan idan lalacewa ko lalacewa.Abin sha'awa, yayin gwajin gwajin matukinmu, mun yi amfani da na'ura guda ɗaya na jimlar sama da mintuna 200.Bayan wannan lokacin, kawai abin lura amma ƙaramar alamar lalacewa shine ɓarna tare da zaren.
Wani ƙayyadaddun binciken mu shine cewa ba mu ƙididdige ƙididdiga ko ƙima na TA ajiya ba, wanda za'a iya samuwa tare da na'urar CentREUSE da sauran hanyoyi;a maimakon haka, tabbacin gwajin mu na wannan na'urar ya dogara ne akan auna yawan magudanar ruwa (a cikin ml).kai tsaye ma'aunin yawa.Bugu da ƙari, ba mu gwada CentREUSE Concentrated TA a kan marasa lafiya ba, duk da haka, tun lokacin da na'urarmu ta samar da pellets TA kama da waɗanda aka samar ta amfani da centrifuge na kasuwanci, mun ɗauka cewa CentREUSE Concentrated TA zai zama mai tasiri da aminci kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a baya.a cikin adabi.an ruwaito don na'urorin centrifuge na al'ada1,3.Ƙarin karatun da ke ƙididdige ainihin adadin TA da aka gudanar bayan katangar CentREUSE na iya taimakawa ƙarin kimanta ainihin amfanin na'urarmu a cikin wannan aikace-aikacen.
A saninmu, CentREUSE, na'urar da za a iya keɓancewa cikin sauƙi daga sharar da ake samu, ita ce ta farko da ɗan adam ke amfani da shi, mai ɗaukar hoto, centrifuge mai rahusa mai rahusa da za a yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin warkewa.Bugu da ƙari, samun damar ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu girma, CentREUSE baya buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki na musamman da kayan aikin gine-gine idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙananan farashi da aka buga.Ƙimar da aka nuna na CentREUSE a cikin sauri da kuma dogara da hazo na TA na iya taimakawa wajen inganta samar da steroid na intravitreal na dogon lokaci a cikin mutane a cikin saitunan iyakantaccen albarkatu, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen magance yanayin ido iri-iri.Bugu da kari, fa'idodin mu na centrifuges masu amfani da šaukuwa ana iya hasashen ya kai ga wurare masu wadatar albarkatu kamar manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na manyan makarantu da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na quaternary a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba.A ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗa, samun na'urorin centrifuging na iya ci gaba da iyakancewa ga dakunan gwaje-gwaje na asibiti da na bincike, tare da haɗarin gurɓata sirinji tare da ruwan jikin ɗan adam, samfuran dabbobi, da sauran abubuwa masu haɗari.Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan dakunan gwaje-gwaje galibi suna kasancewa nesa da wurin kula da marasa lafiya.Wannan, bi da bi, na iya zama matsala ta kayan aiki ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke buƙatar saurin samun dama ga centrifugation;tura CentREUSE na iya zama wata hanya mai amfani don shirya hanyoyin warkewa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba tare da tsangwama ga kulawar haƙuri ba.
Sabili da haka, don sauƙaƙe wa kowa da kowa don shirya shirye-shiryen maganin warkewa waɗanda ke buƙatar centrifugation, samfuri da umarni don ƙirƙirar CentREUSE an haɗa su a cikin wannan buɗaɗɗen tushe a ƙarƙashin sashin Ƙarin Bayani.Muna ƙarfafa masu karatu su sake fasalin CentREUSE kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Bayanai masu goyan bayan sakamakon wannan binciken suna samuwa daga mawallafin SM bisa ga buƙatu mai ma'ana.
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Ana tallafawa SM a wani bangare ta kyauta ga Mukai Foundation, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Amurka.
Sashen Nazarin Ido, Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Harvard, Ido da Kunne Massachusetts, 243 Charles St, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, Amurka