Na gode da ziyartar Nature.com.Kuna amfani da sigar burauza tare da iyakancewar tallafin CSS.Don ƙwarewa mafi kyau, muna ba da shawarar ku yi amfani da sabuntar burauza (ko kuma musaki Yanayin dacewa a cikin Internet Explorer).Bugu da ƙari, don tabbatar da goyon baya mai gudana, muna nuna shafin ba tare da salo da JavaScript ba.
Yana nuna carousel na nunin faifai uku lokaci guda.Yi amfani da maɓallan da suka gabata da na gaba don matsawa ta cikin nunin faifai guda uku a lokaci ɗaya, ko amfani da maɓallan maɓalli a ƙarshen don matsawa ta cikin nunin faifai uku a lokaci ɗaya.
Anan mun nuna abubuwan da suka haifar da buri, na kwatsam da zaɓin kayan jika na tushen gallium na ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe akan filaye da aka ƙera tare da fasalulluka na microscale.Gilashin ƙarfe na ƙarfe na tushen Gallium abubuwa ne masu ban mamaki tare da babban tashin hankali.Saboda haka, yana da wuya a samar da su cikin fina-finai na bakin ciki.Cikakkun jika na gallium da indium eutectic gallium an sami cimma ruwa a saman tagulla da aka yi wa microstructured a gaban HCl vapors, wanda ya cire oxide na halitta daga gawayen ƙarfe na ruwa.An yi bayanin wannan wetting a lambobi bisa tsarin Wenzel da tsarin osmosis, yana nuna cewa girman ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen jikewar karafa na osmosis.Bugu da kari, mun nuna cewa jikewar karafa na ruwa ba tare da bata lokaci ba za'a iya ba da umarnin zaɓin tare da yankuna masu ƙaƙƙarfan tsari akan saman ƙarfe don ƙirƙirar alamu.Wannan tsari mai sauƙi ya yi daidai da riguna da siffata ƙarfe na ruwa a kan manyan wurare ba tare da ƙarfin waje ko haɗaɗɗen kulawa ba.Mun nuna cewa gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren ƙarfe na ruwa yana riƙe da haɗin lantarki ko da lokacin da aka shimfiɗa kuma bayan maimaita hawan keke na mikewa.
Gallium based liquid metal alloys (GaLM) sun jawo hankali da yawa saboda kyawawan kaddarorin su kamar ƙarancin narkewa, babban ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarancin danko da kwarara, ƙarancin guba da babban nakasa1,2.Pure gallium yana da wurin narkewa na kusan 30 ° C, kuma idan an haɗa shi cikin abubuwan eutectic tare da wasu karafa kamar In da Sn, wurin narkewa yana ƙasa da zafin jiki.Muhimman GaLM guda biyu sune gallium indium eutectic alloy (EGaIn, 75% Ga da 25% A cikin nauyi, maki mai narkewa: 15.5 ° C) da gallium indium tin eutectic gami (GaInSn ko galinstan, 68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, da 10 % kwano, wurin narkewa: ~ 11 °C) 1.2.Saboda ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin lokacin ruwa, GaLMs ana bincikar su sosai azaman hanyoyin lantarki masu ƙarfi ko nakasa don aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da na'urorin lantarki3,4,5,6,7,8,9 masu rauni ko masu lanƙwasa 10, 11, 12 , 13, 14 kuma yana jagorantar 15, 16, 17. Ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan na'urori ta hanyar sakawa, bugu, da ƙira daga GaLM yana buƙatar ilimi da sarrafa abubuwan haɗin gwiwar GaLM da tushen sa.GaLMs suna da tashin hankali mai girma (624 mNm-1 don EGaIn18,19 da 534 mNm-1 don Galinstan20,21) wanda zai iya sa su wahala don sarrafawa ko sarrafa su.Samuwar ɓawon burodi na gallium oxide na asali a saman GaLM a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi yana ba da harsashi wanda ke daidaita GaLM a cikin siffa mara siffa.Wannan kadarar tana ba da damar buga GaLM, dasa su cikin microchannels, kuma a tsara su tare da kwanciyar hankali da aka samu ta oxides19,22,23,24,25,26,27.Har ila yau, harsashi mai ƙarfi oxide yana ba da damar GaLM don mannewa ga mafi yawan filaye masu santsi, amma yana hana ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfe daga gudana cikin yardar kaina.Yada GaLM akan mafi yawan saman yana buƙatar ƙarfi don karya harsashi oxide28,29.
Ana iya cire bawoyin oxide tare da, misali, acid mai ƙarfi ko tushe.Idan babu oxides, GaLM yana faɗuwa akan kusan duk saman saman saboda girman tashin hankalinsu, amma akwai keɓancewa: GaLM jika kayan ƙarfe.Ga yana samar da haɗin gwiwar ƙarfe tare da wasu karafa ta hanyar da aka sani da "reactive wetting"30,31,32.Ana bincika wannan jika mai amsawa sau da yawa idan babu oxides na saman don sauƙaƙe hulɗar ƙarfe-zuwa-ƙarfe.Koyaya, ko da tare da oxides na asali a cikin GaLM, an ba da rahoton cewa lambobin ƙarfe-zuwa-ƙarfe suna samuwa lokacin da oxides suka karye a lambobi tare da filaye masu santsi29.Reactive wetting sakamakon a cikin ƙananan kusurwoyi lamba da kuma mai kyau wetting na mafi karfe substrates33,34,35.
Har ya zuwa yau, an gudanar da bincike da yawa kan amfani da kyawawan kaddarorin na jika na GaLM tare da karafa don samar da tsarin GaLM.Alal misali, an yi amfani da GaLM zuwa ƙirar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ta hanyar shafa, mirgina, fesa, ko inuwa masking34, 35, 36, 37, 38. Zaɓin jika na GaLM akan ƙananan karafa yana ba GaLM damar samar da tsayayyen tsari mai kyau.Koyaya, babban tashin hankali na GaLM yana hana samuwar fina-finai na bakin ciki sosai iri ɗaya ko da akan abubuwan ƙarfe.Don magance wannan batu, Lacour et al.ya ba da rahoton wata hanya don samar da santsi, lebur na fina-finai na GaLM na bakin ciki a kan manyan wurare ta hanyar fitar da gallium mai tsafta a kan ƙananan abubuwa masu ruf da zinari37,39.Wannan hanyar tana buƙatar ajiyar sarari, wanda ke da sannu a hankali.Bugu da kari, Ba a ba da izinin GaLM gabaɗaya don irin waɗannan na'urori saboda yuwuwar haɓakawa40.Har ila yau, evaporation yana ajiye kayan a kan substrate, don haka ana buƙatar tsari don ƙirƙirar ƙirar.Muna neman hanyar ƙirƙirar fina-finai na GaLM masu santsi da ƙima ta hanyar zayyana fasalin ƙarfe na saman da GaLM ke jika ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma zaɓen in babu oxides na halitta.Anan muna ba da rahoton jikewar zaɓaɓɓen ɓata lokaci na EGaIn mara oxide (na al'ada GaLM) ta amfani da keɓantaccen hali na wetting akan ƙirar ƙarfe da aka ƙera ta hotolithographically.Muna ƙirƙira sifofi da aka ayyana a cikin ƙananan matakin don nazarin imbibition, ta haka ne ke sarrafa jika na karafa na ruwa mara oxide.Ingantattun kaddarorin jika na EGaIn akan filayen ƙarfe na microstructured an bayyana su ta hanyar ƙididdigar ƙididdigewa dangane da ƙirar Wenzel da tsarin haɓakawa.A ƙarshe, muna nuna babban jigon yanki da ƙirar EGaIn ta hanyar shayar da kai, ba tare da bata lokaci ba da zaɓin jika akan filayen ƙarfe da aka ƙera.Ana gabatar da na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi da ma'aunin ma'auni waɗanda ke haɗa tsarin EGaIn azaman aikace-aikace masu yuwuwa.
Absorption shine jigilar capillary wanda ruwa ya mamaye saman da aka rubuta 41, wanda ke sauƙaƙe yaduwar ruwa.Mun bincika halin jika na EGaIn a kan ƙananan ƙananan sassa na ƙarfe da aka ajiye a cikin HCl tururi (Fig. 1).An zaɓi jan ƙarfe a matsayin ƙarfe don saman da ke ƙasa. A saman saman jan ƙarfe, EGaIn ya nuna ƙaramin kusurwar lamba na <20° a gaban tururin HCl, saboda reactive wetting31 (Ƙarin Hoton 1). A saman saman jan ƙarfe, EGaIn ya nuna ƙaramin kusurwar lamba na <20° a gaban tururin HCl, saboda reactive wetting31 (Ƙarin Hoton 1). На плоских медных поверхностях EGaIn показал низкий краевой угол <20 ° в присутствии паров HCl тельный рисунок 1). A kan filayen jan ƙarfe, EGaIn ya nuna ƙaramin kusurwar lamba <20° a gaban tururin HCl saboda amsawar wetting31 (Ƙarin Hoto 1).在平坦的铜表面上，由于反应润湿，EgaIn 在存在HCl 蒸气。在平坦的铜表面上，由于反应润湿，EgaIn在存在HCl На плоских медных поверхностях EGaIn демонстрирует олнительный рисунок 1). A kan filayen jan ƙarfe, EGaIn yana nuna ƙananan kusurwoyin lamba <20° a gaban tururin HCl saboda jikewar amsawa (Ƙarin Hoto 1).Mun auna kusurwoyin kusanci na EGaIn akan jan karfe mai girma da kuma kan fina-finan jan karfe da aka ajiye akan polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
a Columnar (D (diamita) = l (nisa) = 25 µm, d (nisa tsakanin ginshiƙai) = 50 µm, H (tsawo) = 25 µm) da pyramidal (nisa = 25 µm, tsawo = 18 µm) microstructures akan Cu. / PDMS substrates.b Canje-canje masu dogaro da lokaci a cikin kusurwar lamba akan filaye masu lebur (ba tare da microstructures ba) da tsararrun ginshiƙai da pyramids masu ɗauke da PDMS mai rufin tagulla.c, d Rikodin tsaka-tsaki na (c) hangen nesa da (d) hangen nesa na EGaIn jika a saman tare da ginshiƙai a gaban tururin HCl.
Don tantance tasirin topography akan wetting, PDMS substrates tare da columnar da pyramidal tsarin da aka shirya, wanda aka ajiye jan karfe tare da wani titanium m Layer (Fig. 1a).An nuna cewa an yi masa rufin ƙarfe na PDMS da aka ƙera tare da jan ƙarfe (Ƙarin Hoton 2).Kussoshin tuntuɓar masu dogaro da lokaci na EGaIn akan ƙira da PDMS da aka zana tagulla (Cu/PDMS) an nuna su a cikin Figs.1 b.Matsakaicin lamba na EGaIn akan jan karfe/PDMS da aka tsara ya faɗi zuwa 0° a cikin ~1 min.Ana iya amfani da ingantattun jika na EGaIn microstructures ta hanyar Wenzel equation\({{{\rm{cos}}}}}}}\,{\theta}_{{rough}}}=r\,{{{{rough}}}}}}} \rm{cos}}}}}\,{\theta}_{0}\), inda \({\theta}_{{rough}}\) ke wakiltar kusurwar madaidaicin saman, \ (r) \) Ƙarfin Sama (= yanki na ainihi / fili) da kusurwar lamba akan jirgin \({\theta}_{0}\).Sakamakon ingantaccen wetting na EGaIn akan abubuwan da aka tsara suna cikin yarjejeniya mai kyau tare da ƙirar Wenzel, tunda ƙimar r na baya da ginshiƙan pyramidal sune 1.78 da 1.73, bi da bi.Wannan kuma yana nufin cewa ɗigon EGaIn da ke kan siffa mai ƙira zai shiga cikin ramukan taimako na asali.Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa an samar da fina-finai na lebur sosai a cikin wannan yanayin, sabanin yanayin tare da EGaIn akan abubuwan da ba a tsara su ba (Ƙarin Hoton 1).
Daga fig.1c,d (Ƙarin Fim 1) ana iya ganin cewa bayan 30 s, yayin da madaidaicin lambar sadarwa ya kusanto 0 °, EGaIn ya fara yaduwa da nisa daga gefen digo, wanda ya haifar da sha (Ƙarin Fim ɗin 2 da Ƙari Hoto 3).Nazarin da aka yi a baya na filayen lebur sun haɗu da ma'aunin lokacin jika mai amsawa tare da sauye-sauye daga inertial zuwa jika mai danko.Girman filin yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke ƙayyade ko ƙaddamar da kai ya faru.Ta hanyar kwatanta makamashin sararin samaniya kafin da kuma bayan imbibition daga mahangar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, an samo mahimmin kusurwar lamba \({\theta}_{c}\) na imbibition (duba Tattaunawar Ƙarfafa don cikakkun bayanai).An bayyana sakamakon \({\theta}_{c}\) a matsayin \({{{({\rm{cos)))))))\,{\theta}_{c}=(1-{\ phi } _{S})/(r-{\phi}_{S})\) inda \({\phi}_{s}\) ke wakiltar yanki mai juzu'i a saman sakon da \(r\) ) yana wakiltar rashin ƙarfi na sama. Imbibition na iya faruwa lokacin da \({\theta }_{c}\)> \({\theta }_{0}\), watau, kusurwar lamba a saman fili. Imbibition na iya faruwa lokacin da \({\theta }_{c}\)> \({\theta }_{0}\), watau, kusurwar lamba a saman fili. Впитывание может происходить, когда \ ({\ theta } _ {c} \) > \ ({\ ta } _ {0} \), т.e.котактный угол на плоской поверхности. Sha na iya faruwa lokacin da \({\theta }_{c}\)> \({\theta }_{0}\), watau kusurwar lamba a saman fili.当\({\theta }_{c}\) > \({\theta }_{0}\) ，即平面上的接触角时，会发生吸吸。当\({\theta }_{c}\) > \({\theta }_{0}\) ，即平面上的接触角时，会发生吸吸。 Всасывание происходит, когда \ ({\ theta} _ {c} \) > \ ({\ theta} _ {0} \), контактный угол на плоскости. Tsotsawar tana faruwa lokacin da \({\theta }_{c}\)> \({\theta }_{0}\), kusurwar lamba akan jirgin.Don abubuwan da aka ƙera, \(r\) da \({\phi}_{s} \) ana ƙididdige su azaman \(1+\{(2\pi {RH})/{d}^{2} \ } \ ) da \(\pi {R}^{2}/{d}^{2}\), inda \(R\) ke wakiltar radiyon shafi, \ (H \) yana wakiltar tsayin shafi, da \ ( d \) shine nisa tsakanin cibiyoyin ginshiƙai biyu (Fig. 1a).Domin bayan-tsararre surface a fig.1a, kusurwar \({\theta}_{c}\) shine 60°, wanda ya fi girma daga jirgin ({\theta}_{0}\) jirgin (~25°) a cikin HCl vapor Oxide-free EGaIn ku/PDMS.Sabili da haka, EGaIn ɗigon ruwa na iya sauƙi mamaye tsarin da aka tsara na jan ƙarfe a cikin siffa 1a saboda sha.
Don bincika tasirin girman girman abin kwaikwayi akan jika da sha na EGaIn, mun bambanta girman ginshiƙan da aka lulluɓe da tagulla.A kan fig.2 yana nuna kusurwoyin tuntuɓar juna da ɗaukar EGaIn akan waɗannan sifofin.Nisa l tsakanin ginshiƙan daidai yake da diamita na ginshiƙan D kuma yana daga 25 zuwa 200 μm.Tsayin 25µm yana dawwama ga duk ginshiƙai.\({\theta}_{c}\) yana raguwa tare da ƙara girman ginshiƙi (Table 1), wanda ke nufin cewa ba shi da yuwuwar sha akan ginshiƙai masu girma.Ga duk masu girma dabam da aka gwada, \({\theta}_{c}\) ya fi \({\theta}_{0}\) girma kuma ana sa ran wicking.Duk da haka, ba a cika samun sha ba don abubuwan da aka yi a baya tare da l da D 200 µm (Fig. 2e).
kusurwar lamba mai dogaro da lokaci na EGaIn akan farfajiyar Cu/PDMS tare da ginshiƙai masu girma dabam bayan fallasa zuwa tururin HCl.b-e saman da ra'ayoyi na gefe na EGaIn wetting.b D = l = 25 µm, r = 1.78.cikin D = l = 50 μm, r = 1.39.dD = l = 100 µm, r = 1.20.eD = l = 200 µm, r = 1.10.Duk posts suna da tsayin 25 µm.An ɗauki waɗannan hotuna aƙalla mintuna 15 bayan fallasa ga tururin HCl.Ruwan da ke kan EGaIn ruwa ne da ke fitowa daga abin da ya faru tsakanin gallium oxide da HCl tururi.Duk sandunan ma'auni a cikin (b - e) suna 2 mm.
Wani ma'auni don ƙayyade yuwuwar shayarwar ruwa shine daidaitawar ruwan a saman bayan an yi amfani da tsarin.Kurbin et al.An ba da rahoton cewa lokacin da (1) ginshiƙan suka yi girma sosai, za a sami ɗigon ruwa ta saman da aka tsara;(2) nisa tsakanin ginshiƙai kadan ne;da (3) kusurwar lamba na ruwa a saman ya isa ƙarami42.A lambobi \({\theta}_{0}\) na ruwan da ke cikin jirgin sama mai ɗauke da abu iri ɗaya dole ne ya zama ƙasa da mahimmin kusurwar tuntuɓar don liƙawa, \({\theta}_{c,{pin)) } \ ), don sha ba tare da pinning tsakanin posts ba, inda \({\theta}_{c,{pin}}={{{{\rm{arctan}}}}}}(H/\big \{( \ sqrt {2}-1) l\big\})\) (duba ƙarin tattaunawa don cikakkun bayanai).Darajar \({\theta}_{c,{pin}}\) ya dogara da girman fil (Table 1).Ƙayyade siga mara girma L = l/H don yin hukunci ko sha ya faru.Don sha, L dole ne ya zama ƙasa da ma'auni na kofa, \({L}_{c}\) = 1/\(\big\{\big(\sqrt{2}-1\big){{\tan} } { \ theta}_{{0}}\large\}\).Don EGaIn (({\theta}_{0}={25}^{\circ})\) akan ma'aunin jan karfe ({L}_{c}\) shine 5.2.Tun da ginshiƙin L na 200 μm shine 8, wanda ya fi ƙimar \({L}_{c}\) girma, ɗaukar EGaIn baya faruwa.Don ƙarin gwada tasirin lissafi, mun lura da kai-priming na H da l daban-daban (Ƙarin Hoto. 5 da Ƙarin Teburin 1).Sakamakon ya yi daidai da lissafin mu.Don haka, L ya juya ya zama madaidaicin tsinkaya na sha;karfen ruwa yana daina sha saboda pinning lokacin da nisa tsakanin ginshiƙan ya yi girma idan aka kwatanta da tsayin ginshiƙan.
Wettability za a iya ƙaddara dangane da surface abun da ke ciki na substrate.Mun bincika tasirin abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan jiko da sha na EGaIn ta hanyar haɗa Si da Cu akan ginshiƙai da jiragen sama (Ƙarin Hoton 6).Matsakaicin lamba EGaIn yana raguwa daga ~ 160 ° zuwa ~ 80 ° yayin da Si / Cu binary surface ya karu daga 0 zuwa 75% a cikin abun ciki na jan karfe.Domin 75% Cu/25% Si surface, \({\theta}_{0}\) shine ~80°, wanda yayi daidai da \({L}_{c}\) yayi daidai da 0.43 bisa ga ma'anar da ke sama. .Saboda ginshiƙan l = H = 25 μm tare da L daidai da 1 mafi girma fiye da bakin kofa \({L}_{c}\), 75% Cu/25% Si saman bayan yin zane ba ya sha saboda rashin motsi.Tun da kusurwar lamba na EGaIn yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙari na Si, ana buƙatar mafi girma H ko ƙananan l don shawo kan pinning da impregnation.Saboda haka, tun da kusurwar lamba (watau \({\theta}_{0}\))) ya dogara ne akan nau'in sinadarai na saman, kuma yana iya tantance ko imbibition yana faruwa a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
EGaIn sha kan jan karfe/PDMS da aka tsara na iya jika karfen ruwa zuwa alamu masu amfani.Don ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin adadin layin ginshiƙan da ke haifar da haɓakawa, an lura da kaddarorin jika na EGaIn akan Cu / PDMS tare da layin layi na baya wanda ke ɗauke da lambobin layin layi daban-daban daga 1 zuwa 101 (Fig. 3).Wetting yakan faru ne a cikin yankin bayan tsarin.EGaIn wicking an dogara da shi kuma tsawon wicking ya karu tare da adadin layuka na ginshiƙai.Abun sha kusan bai taɓa faruwa ba lokacin da akwai posts masu layi biyu ko ƙasa da haka.Wannan na iya zama saboda ƙarar matsa lamba na capillary.Don sha ya faru a cikin tsarin shafi, dole ne a shawo kan matsa lamba na capillary da ke haifar da curvature na EGaIn kai (Ƙarin Hoton 7).Yin la'akari da radius na curvature na 12.5 µm don jere guda EGaIn kai tare da tsarin shafi, matsi na capillary shine ~ 0.98 atm (~ 740 Torr).Wannan babban matsin lamba na Laplace na iya hana jika da lalacewa ta hanyar sha na EGaIn.Har ila yau, ƙananan layuka na ginshiƙai na iya rage ƙarfin sha wanda ya kasance saboda aikin capillary tsakanin EGaIn da ginshiƙai.
Ragowar EGaIn akan tsarin Cu/PDMS tare da nau'ikan nisa daban-daban (w) a cikin iska (kafin bayyanar da tururin HCl).Layukan da aka fara daga sama: 101 (w = 5025 µm), 51 (w = 2525 µm), 21 (w = 1025 µm), da 11 (w = 525 µm).b Watsin kai tsaye na EGaIn akan (a) bayan fallasa zuwa tururin HCl na mintuna 10.c, d Wetting na EGaIn akan Cu/PDMS tare da sifofin columnar (c) layuka biyu (w = 75 µm) da (d) jere daya (w = 25 µm).An ɗauki waɗannan hotunan mintuna 10 bayan fallasa ga tururin HCl.Sikelin sanduna akan (a, b) da (c, d) sune 5 mm da 200 µm, bi da bi.Kibau a cikin (c) suna nuna curvature na shugaban EGaIn saboda sha.
Ƙunƙarar EGaIn a cikin Cu / PDMS na baya-bayan nan yana ba da damar EGaIn da za a kafa ta hanyar zaɓin wetting (Fig. 4).Lokacin da aka sanya digo na EGaIn a kan wani yanki mai ƙira kuma an fallasa shi zuwa tururin HCl, EGaIn digo ya ruguje da farko, yana samar da ƙaramin kusurwa yayin da acid ke cire sikelin.Daga baya, sha yana farawa daga gefen digo.Za a iya samun ƙirar babban yanki daga ma'aunin EGaIn na centimita (Fig. 4a, c).Tun da sha yana faruwa ne kawai akan saman topographic, EGaIn kawai yana jika yankin ƙirar kuma yana kusan dakatar da wetting lokacin da ya kai saman ƙasa.Sakamakon haka, ana lura da iyakoki masu kaifi na tsarin EGaIn (Fig. 4d, e).A kan fig.4b yana nuna yadda EGaIn ke mamaye yankin da ba a tsara shi ba, musamman a kusa da wurin da aka fara sanya EGaIn droplet.Wannan saboda ƙaramin diamita na ɗigon EGaIn da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wannan binciken ya wuce faɗin haruffan da aka tsara.An sanya ɗigon EGaIn akan wurin ƙirar ta hanyar allurar hannu ta allurar 27-G da sirinji, wanda ya haifar da digo tare da ƙaramin girman 1 mm.Ana iya magance wannan matsalar ta amfani da ƙananan ɗigon EGaIn.Gabaɗaya, Hoto na 4 yana nuna cewa ana iya haifar da jikewar EGaIn ba tare da bata lokaci ba kuma a kai shi zuwa saman da aka ƙera.Idan aka kwatanta da aikin da ya gabata, wannan tsarin jika yana da sauri da sauri kuma babu wani karfi na waje da ake bukata don cimma cikakkiyar jiko (Ƙarin Table 2).
alamar jami'a, harafin b, c a cikin hanyar walƙiya.An lulluɓe yankin da ke shayarwa da tsararrun ginshiƙai tare da D = l = 25 µm.d, manyan hotuna na haƙarƙari a cikin e (c).Sikelin sanduna akan (a-c) da (d, e) sune 5 mm da 500 µm, bi da bi.A kan (c-e), ƙananan ɗigon ruwa a saman bayan an haɗa su sun zama ruwa a sakamakon abin da ke faruwa tsakanin gallium oxide da HCl tururi.Ba a ga wani gagarumin tasiri na samuwar ruwa a kan jika ba.Ana cire ruwa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar bushewa mai sauƙi.
Saboda yanayin ruwa na EGaIn, EGaIn mai rufi Cu/PDMS (EGaIn/Cu/PDMS) za a iya amfani da shi don sassauƙa da na'urorin lantarki masu shimfiɗawa.Hoto 5a yana kwatanta sauye-sauyen juriya na asali Cu/PDMS da EGaIn/Cu/PDMS a ƙarƙashin kaya daban-daban.Juriya na Cu / PDMS ya tashi sosai a cikin tashin hankali, yayin da juriya na EGaIn / Cu / PDMS ya kasance maras nauyi.A kan fig.5b da d suna nuna hotunan SEM da daidaitattun bayanan EMF na raw Cu/PDMS da EGaIn/Cu/PDMS kafin da bayan aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki.Don ingantacciyar Cu/PDMS, nakasawa na iya haifar da tsagewa a cikin fim ɗin Cu mai wuya wanda aka ajiye akan PDMS saboda rashin daidaituwar elasticity.Sabanin haka, don EGaIn/Cu/PDMS, EGaIn har yanzu yana da kyaun suturar Cu/PDMS kuma yana ci gaba da ci gaba da wutar lantarki ba tare da fashewa ko nakasu mai mahimmanci ba ko da bayan an yi amfani da iri.Bayanan EDS sun tabbatar da cewa gallium da indium daga EGaIn an rarraba su daidai a kan ma'aunin Cu/PDMS.Abin lura ne cewa kauri na fim din EGaIn daidai yake da kuma kwatanta da tsayin ginshiƙai. Hakanan an tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ƙarin bincike na topographical, inda bambancin dangi tsakanin kauri na fim ɗin EGaIn da tsayin matsayi shine <10% (Ƙarin Hoton 8 da Table 3). Hakanan an tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ƙarin bincike na topographical, inda bambancin dangi tsakanin kauri na fim ɗin EGaIn da tsayin matsayi shine <10% (Ƙarin Hoton 8 da Table 3). Это также подтверждается дальнейшим топографическим анализоm олба составляет <10% (дополнительный рис. 8 da таблица 3). Hakanan an tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ƙarin bincike na topographical, inda bambancin dangi tsakanin kauri na fim na EGaIn da tsayin shafi shine <10% (Ƙarin Hoton 8 da Table 3).进一步的形貌分析也证实了这一点，其中EGaIn 薄膜厚度与柱子高度之之间的相寒得01% （3） <10% Это также было подтверждено дальнейшим топографическим анализоm, где относительная разница между й столба составляла <10% (дополнительный рис. 8 и таблица 3). Hakanan an tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar ƙarin bincike na topographical, inda bambancin dangi tsakanin kauri na fim na EGaIn da tsayin shafi ya kasance <10% (Ƙarin Hoton 8 da Table 3).Wannan jika mai ƙima yana ba da damar kauri na kayan kwalliyar EGaIn don sarrafa su da kyau kuma a kiyaye su a kan manyan wurare, wanda in ba haka ba yana da ƙalubale saboda yanayin ruwa.Figures 5c da e suna kwatanta gudanarwa da juriya ga nakasar Cu/PDMS na asali da EGaIn/Cu/PDMS.A cikin demo, LED ɗin yana kunna lokacin da aka haɗa shi zuwa lambobi Cu/PDMS da ba a taɓa ba ko EGaIn/Cu/PDMS masu lantarki.Lokacin da aka shimfiɗa Cu/PDMS cikakke, LED ɗin yana kashe.Koyaya, na'urorin lantarki na EGaIn/Cu/PDMS sun kasance suna haɗe ta hanyar lantarki ko da ƙarƙashin kaya, kuma hasken LED ɗin ya ɗan dusashe kaɗan saboda ƙara ƙarfin lantarki.
juriya na al'ada yana canzawa tare da haɓaka nauyi akan Cu/PDMS da EGaIn/Cu/PDMS.b, d Hotunan SEM da makamashi watsawa X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) bincike kafin (saman) da kuma bayan (kasa) polydiplexes da aka ɗora a cikin (b) Cu / PDMS da (d) EGaIn/Cu/methylsiloxane.c, e LEDs da aka haɗe zuwa (c) Cu / PDMS da (e) EGaIn / Cu / PDMS kafin (saman) da kuma bayan (kasa) mikewa (~ 30% damuwa).Matsakaicin ma'auni a cikin (b) da (d) shine 50 µm.
A kan fig.6a yana nuna juriya na EGaIn/Cu/PDMS a matsayin aiki na iri daga 0% zuwa 70%.Haɓakawa da dawo da juriya daidai yake da nakasawa, wanda ke cikin yarjejeniya mai kyau tare da dokar Pouillet don kayan da ba a haɗa su ba (R / R0 = (1 + ε) 2), inda R shine juriya, R0 shine juriya na farko, ε shine nau'in 43. Sauran nazarin sun nuna cewa lokacin da aka shimfiɗa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin matsakaici na ruwa na iya sake tsara kansu kuma su zama mafi yawan rarraba tare da haɗin kai mafi kyau, don haka rage karuwa a cikin ja 43, 44. A cikin wannan aikin, duk da haka, jagorar shine> 99% ƙarfe na ruwa ta ƙarar tun lokacin da fina-finan Cu ke da kauri 100 nm kawai. A cikin wannan aikin, duk da haka, jagorar shine> 99% ƙarfe na ruwa ta ƙarar tun lokacin da fina-finan Cu ke da kauri 100 nm kawai. Одnako в эtoy rabote provodnyk sostoit из >99% жидогo metrical po obъemmu, tak kak пленky Cu имеют тун 1. Koyaya, a cikin wannan aikin, jagorar ya ƙunshi> 99% ƙarfe na ruwa ta ƙara, tunda fina-finan Cu suna da kauri kawai 100 nm.然而，在这项工作中，由于Cu 薄膜只有100 nm 厚，因此导体是>99% 的液态金属（找佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡佡扡佡诽佡佡工作中。然而，在这项工作中，由于Cu 薄膜只有100 nm 厚，因此导体是>99%Duk da haka, a cikin wannan aikin, tun da fim din Cu shine kawai 100 nm lokacin farin ciki, mai gudanarwa ya ƙunshi fiye da 99% ƙarfe na ruwa (ta girma).Saboda haka, ba ma tsammanin Cu zai ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga kaddarorin lantarki na masu gudanarwa.
Canji na al'ada a cikin juriya na EGaIn/Cu/PDMS tare da iri a cikin kewayon 0-70%.Matsakaicin damuwa da aka cimma kafin gazawar PDMS shine 70% (Ƙarin Hoto 9).Jajayen dige-dige su ne ƙimar ka'idar da dokar Puet ta annabta.b EGaIn/Cu/PDMS gwajin kwanciyar hankali yayin zagayowar miƙewa akai-akai.An yi amfani da nau'in kashi 30% a gwajin cyclic.Matsakaicin sikelin a cikin sa shine 0.5 cm.L shine farkon tsawon EGaIn/Cu/PDMS kafin mikewa.
Ma'aunin ma'auni (GF) yana bayyana hankalin firikwensin kuma an ayyana shi azaman rabon canji na juriya ga canji a cikin iri45.GF ya karu daga 1.7 a 10% iri zuwa 2.6 a nau'in 70% saboda canjin geometric na karfe.Idan aka kwatanta da sauran ma'auni, ƙimar GF EGaIn/Cu/PDMS matsakaici ce.A matsayin firikwensin firikwensin, kodayake GF ɗinsa bazai yi girma ba musamman, EGaIn/Cu/PDMS yana nuna juriya mai ƙarfi don amsawa ga ƙaramin sigina zuwa ƙimar ƙimar amo.Don kimanta kwanciyar hankali na EGaIn/Cu/PDMS, ana kula da juriyar wutar lantarki yayin zagayowar miƙewa akai-akai a 30% iri.Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fig.6b, bayan hawan hawan hawan 4000, ƙimar juriya ta kasance a cikin 10%, wanda zai iya kasancewa saboda ci gaba da samuwar sikelin yayin maimaita hawan hawan keke46.Don haka, kwanciyar hankali na lantarki na dogon lokaci na EGaIn / Cu / PDMS a matsayin na'urar lantarki mai shimfiɗawa da kuma amincin sigina a matsayin ma'auni mai mahimmanci an tabbatar da shi.
A cikin wannan labarin, mun tattauna ingantattun kaddarorin jika na GaLM akan ƙananan ƙarfe da aka ƙera ta hanyar kutse.An sami cikakken jika na EGaIn a kan ginshiƙai da saman ƙarfe na pyramidal a gaban tururin HCl.Ana iya yin bayanin wannan a lambobi bisa tsarin Wenzel da tsarin wicking, wanda ke nuna girman girman bayanan da ake buƙata don yin amfani da wicking.Kwatsam da zaɓin jika na EGaIn, wanda keɓaɓɓen saman ƙarfe na ƙarfe ke jagoranta, yana ba da damar yin amfani da sutura iri ɗaya akan manyan wurare da samar da tsarin ƙarfe na ruwa.EGaIn-rufi Cu/PDMS substrates suna riƙe da haɗin wutar lantarki ko da lokacin da aka shimfiɗa kuma bayan maimaita hawan keke, kamar yadda SEM, EDS, da ma'aunin juriya na lantarki suka tabbatar.Bugu da ƙari, juriya na lantarki na Cu / PDMS da aka lullube tare da EGaIn yana canzawa da kuma dogara daidai da nau'in da aka yi amfani da shi, yana nuna yiwuwar aikace-aikacensa azaman firikwensin damuwa.Abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar ka'idar jikawar ƙarfe na ruwa da aka haifar ta hanyar haɓakawa sune kamar haka: (1) GaLM shafi da ƙirar za a iya cimma ba tare da ƙarfin waje ba;(2) GaLM jika a kan tagulla-rufi microstructure surface ne thermodynamic.sakamakon fim ɗin GaLM yana da ƙarfi ko da a ƙarƙashin nakasa;(3) canza tsayin ginshiƙi mai rufi na jan karfe na iya samar da fim ɗin GaLM tare da kauri mai sarrafawa.Bugu da kari, wannan hanyar tana rage adadin GaLM da ake buƙata don samar da fim ɗin, saboda ginshiƙan sun mamaye ɓangaren fim ɗin.Misali, lokacin da aka gabatar da ginshiƙai na ginshiƙai tare da diamita na 200 μm (tare da nisa tsakanin ginshiƙan 25 μm), ƙarar GaLM da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar fim (~ 9 μm3 / μm2) yana kama da girman fim ɗin ba tare da ginshiƙai.(25 µm3/µm2).Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, dole ne a yi la'akari da cewa juriya na ka'idar, wanda aka kiyasta bisa ga dokar Puet, kuma ya karu sau tara.Gabaɗaya, ƙayyadaddun kaddarorin jiƙa na ƙarfe na ruwa da aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin suna ba da ingantacciyar hanya don saka karafa na ruwa akan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan lantarki da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke fitowa.
An shirya abubuwan PDMS ta hanyar haɗa Sylgard 184 matrix (Dow Corning, Amurka) da mai ƙarfi a cikin ma'auni na 10: 1 da 15: 1 don gwaje-gwajen tensile, sannan kuma warkewa a cikin tanda a 60 ° C.An ajiye jan ƙarfe ko silicon akan wafers na silicon (Silicon Wafer, Namkang High Technology Co., Ltd., Jamhuriyar Koriya) da PDMS substrates tare da 10nm mai kauri mai kauri na titanium ta amfani da tsarin sputtering na al'ada.Ana ajiye tsarin ginshiƙi da pyramidal akan ma'auni na PDMS ta amfani da tsari na hoto na silicon wafer.Nisa da tsayin ƙirar pyramidal sune 25 da 18 µm, bi da bi.An daidaita tsayin ƙirar mashaya a 25 µm, 10 µm, da 1 µm, kuma diamita da farar sa sun bambanta daga 25 zuwa 200 µm.
An auna kusurwar lamba na EGaIn (gallium 75.5% / indium 24.5%,> 99.99%, Sigma Aldrich, Jamhuriyar Koriya) ta amfani da na'urar tantance siffa (DSA100S, KRUSS, Jamus). An auna kusurwar lamba na EGaIn (gallium 75.5% / indium 24.5%,> 99.99%, Sigma Aldrich, Jamhuriyar Koriya) ta amfani da na'urar tantance siffa (DSA100S, KRUSS, Jamus). Краевой угол EGaIn (галлий 75,5 % / kuma 24,5 %, > 99,99 %, Sigma Aldrich, Республика Корея) (DSA100S, KRUSS, Германия). An auna kusurwar gefen EGaIn (gallium 75.5% / indium 24.5%,> 99.99%, Sigma Aldrich, Jamhuriyar Koriya) ta amfani da na'urar nazarin droplet (DSA100S, KRUSS, Jamus). EGaIn (镓75.5%/铟24.5%),>99.99%, Sigma Aldrich,大韩民国） EGaIn (gallium75.5%/indium24.5%,>99.99%, Sigma Aldrich, 大韩民国) an auna ta ta amfani da mai nazarin lamba (DSA100S, KRUSS, Jamus). Краевой угол EGaIn (галлий 75,5%/индий 24,5%,>99,99%, Sigma Aldrich, Республика Корея) 100S, KRUSS, Gермания). An auna kusurwar gefen EGaIn (gallium 75.5% / indium 24.5%,> 99.99%, Sigma Aldrich, Jamhuriyar Koriya) ta amfani da na'urar nazari na sifa (DSA100S, KRUSS, Jamus).Sanya substrate a cikin ɗakin gilashin 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm kuma sanya digo na 4-5 μl na EGaIn akan ma'aunin ta amfani da sirinji diamita 0.5 mm.Don ƙirƙirar matsakaicin tururi na HCl, 20 μL na maganin HCl (37 wt.%, Samchun Chemicals, Jamhuriyar Koriya) an sanya shi kusa da ma'auni, wanda aka kwashe shi ya isa ya cika ɗakin a cikin 10 s.
An zana hoton saman ta amfani da SEM (Tescan Vega 3, Tescan Korea, Jamhuriyar Koriya).An yi amfani da EDS (Tescan Vega 3, Tescan Korea, Jamhuriyar Koriya) don nazarin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da rarrabawa.An yi nazarin yanayin saman EGaIn/Cu/PDMS ta amfani da na'urar tantancewa (The Profilm3D, Filmetrics, Amurka).
Don bincika canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin hawan hawan keke, samfurori tare da kuma ba tare da EGaIn an ɗora su a kan kayan aikin shimfidawa (Bending & Stretchable Machine System, SnM, Jamhuriyar Koriya) kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar lantarki zuwa Keithley 2400 madogararsa. Don bincika canje-canje a cikin ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin hawan hawan keke, samfurori tare da kuma ba tare da EGaIn an ɗora su a kan kayan aikin shimfidawa (Bending & Stretchable Machine System, SnM, Jamhuriyar Koriya) kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar lantarki zuwa Keithley 2400 madogararsa. Для исследования измения эlektroprovodnostyu Bending & Stretchable Machine System, SnM, РеспублиKA Корея) Don nazarin canje-canje a cikin wutar lantarki a lokacin hawan hawan keke, samfurori tare da kuma ba tare da EGaIn an ɗora su a kan kayan aiki na kayan aiki (Bending & Stretchable Machine System, SnM, Jamhuriyar Koriya) da kuma haɗa ta hanyar lantarki zuwa Keithley 2400 mai tushe.Don nazarin canje-canje a cikin wutar lantarki a lokacin hawan hawan hawan, samfurori tare da kuma ba tare da EGaIn an ɗora su a kan na'urar shimfiɗawa (Bending and Stretching Machine Systems, SnM, Jamhuriyar Koriya) da kuma haɗa ta lantarki zuwa Keithley 2400 SourceMeter.Yana auna canjin juriya a cikin kewayon daga 0% zuwa 70% na nau'in samfurin.Don gwajin kwanciyar hankali, an auna canjin juriya sama da 4000 30% hawan keke.
Don ƙarin bayani kan ƙirar binciken, duba ƙayyadaddun binciken Nature mai alaƙa da wannan labarin.
Ana gabatar da bayanan da ke goyan bayan sakamakon wannan binciken a cikin Ƙarin Bayani da fayilolin Raw Data.Wannan labarin yana ba da bayanan asali.
Daeneke, T. et al.Karfe Liquid: Tushen Sinadarai da Aikace-aikace.Chemicalal'umma.47, 4073-4111 (2018).
Lin, Y., Genzer, J. & Dickey, MD Halayen, ƙirƙira, da aikace-aikace na gallium-tushen ruwa karfe barbashi. Lin, Y., Genzer, J. & Dickey, MD Halayen, ƙirƙira, da aikace-aikace na gallium na tushen ruwa na ƙarfe barbashi.Lin, Y., Genzer, J. da Dickey, MD Properties, ƙirƙira da aikace-aikace na gallium-tushen ruwa karfe barbashi. Lin, Y., Genzer, J. & Dickey, MD 镓基液态金属颗粒的属性、制造和应用。 Lin, Y., Genzer, J. & Dickey, MDLin, Y., Genzer, J. da Dickey, MD Properties, ƙirƙira da aikace-aikace na gallium-tushen ruwa karfe barbashi.Babban ilimin kimiyya.7, 2000-192 (2020).
Koo, HJ, So, JH, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Zuwa ga dukkan nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa masu laushi: samfuran na'urori masu ruwa da yawa tare da halayen memristor. Koo, HJ, So, JH, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Zuwa ga dukkan nau'ikan abubuwa masu laushi: samfuran na'urori masu ruwa da tsaki tare da halayen memristor.Koo, HJ, So, JH, Dickey, MD, da Velev, OD Zuwa da'irori waɗanda suka haɗa gabaɗaya na abubuwa masu laushi: Samfuran na'urori masu ruwa da tsaki tare da halayen memristor. Koo, HJ, So, JH, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD 走向全软物质电路：具有忆阻器特性的准液体设备原型。 Koo, HJ, So, JH, Dickey, MD & Velev, ODKoo, HJ, So, JH, Dickey, MD, da Velev, OD Zuwa Wurin Kewaye Duk Matsala Mai laushi: Samfuran Na'urorin Quasi-Fluid tare da Abubuwan Memristor.Babban almajiri.23, 3559-3564 (2011).
Bilodeau, RA, Zemlyanov, DY & Kramer, RK Liquid karfe masu sauyawa don na'urorin lantarki masu dacewa da muhalli. Bilodeau, RA, Zemlyanov, DY & Kramer, RK Liquid karfe masu sauyawa don na'urorin lantarki masu dacewa da muhalli.Bilodo RA, Zemlyanov D.Yu., Kramer RK Liquid karfe yana canzawa don kayan lantarki masu dacewa da muhalli. Bilodeau, RA, Zemlyanov, DY & Kramer, RK 用于环境响应电子产品的液态金属开关。 Bilodeau, RA, Zemlyanov, DY & Kramer, RKBilodo RA, Zemlyanov D.Yu., Kramer RK Liquid karfe yana canzawa don kayan lantarki masu dacewa da muhalli.Babban almajiri.Interface 4, 1600913 (2017).
Don haka, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Ionic gyare-gyare na yanzu a cikin diodes mai laushi tare da na'urorin lantarki-karfe. Don haka, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Ionic gyare-gyare na yanzu a cikin diodes mai laushi tare da na'urorin lantarki-karfe. Таk, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD. Don haka, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Ionic gyaran halin yanzu a cikin diodes abu mai laushi tare da na'urorin ƙarfe na ruwa. So, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD 带液态金属电极的软物质二极管中的离子电流整流。 Don haka, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Таk, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD. Don haka, JH, Koo, HJ, Dickey, MD & Velev, OD Ionic gyaran halin yanzu a cikin diodes abu mai laushi tare da na'urorin ƙarfe na ruwa.Ƙarfafa iyawa.almajiri.22, 625-631 (2012).
Kim, M.-G., Brown, DK & Brand, O. Nanofabrication don duk wani abu mai laushi da na'urorin lantarki masu yawa dangane da ƙarfe na ruwa. Kim, M.-G., Brown, DK & Brand, O. Nanofabrication don duk wani abu mai laushi da na'urorin lantarki masu yawa dangane da ƙarfe na ruwa.Kim, M.-G., Brown, DK da Brand, O. Nanofabrication don na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi.Kim, M.-G., Brown, DK, da Brand, O. Nanofabrication na babban yawa, duk kayan lantarki mai laushi dangane da ƙarfe na ruwa.Ƙungiyar jama'a.11, 1-11 (2020).
Guo, R. et al.Cu-EGaIn wani harsashi ne na lantarki wanda za'a iya cire shi don kayan lantarki masu mu'amala da CT.almajiri.Mataki.7. 1845-1853 (2020).
Lopes, PA, Paisana, H., De Almeida, AT, Majidi, C. & Tavakoli, M. Hydroprinted Electronics: ultrathin stretchable Ag-In-Ga E-skin don bioelectronics da ɗan adam-machine hulɗa. Lopes, PA, Paisana, H., De Almeida, AT, Majidi, C. & Tavakoli, M. Hydroprinted Electronics: ultrathin stretchable Ag-In-Ga E-skin don bioelectronics da ɗan adam-machine hulɗa.Lopez, PA, Paysana, H., De Almeida, AT, Majidi, K., da Tawakoli, M. Hydroprinting Electronics: Ag-In-Ga Ultrathin Stretchable Electronic Skin for Bioelectronics and Human-Machine Interaction. Lopes, PA, Paisana, H., De Almeida, AT, Majidi, C. & Tavakoli, M. Hydroprinted Electronics: ultrathin stretchable Ag-In-Ga E-skin for bioelectronics da kuma mutum-machine hulda. Lopes, PA, Paisana, H., De Almeida, AT, Majidi, C. & Tavakoli, M. Hydroprinted Electronics: ultrathin stretchable Ag-In-Ga E-skin for bioelectronics da kuma mutum-machine hulda.Lopez, PA, Paysana, H., De Almeida, AT, Majidi, K., da Tawakoli, M. Hydroprinting Electronics: Ag-In-Ga Ultrathin Stretchable Electronic Skin for Bioelectronics and Human-Machine Interaction.ACS
Yang, Y. et al.Ultra-tensile da injiniyoyin nanoelectric triboelectric bisa ga karafa na ruwa don kayan lantarki masu sawa.SAU Nano 12, 2027-2034 (2018).
Gao, K. et al.Haɓaka sifofin microchannel don na'urori masu auna firikwensin da suka dogara akan karafa na ruwa a zafin daki.ilimin kimiyya.Rahoton 9, 1-8 (2019).
Chen, G. et al.EGaIn superelastic composite fibers na iya jure nauyin 500% kuma suna da ingantacciyar wutar lantarki don kayan lantarki masu sawa.ACS yana nufin almajiri.Fassarar 12, 6112-6118 (2020).
Kim, S., Oh, J., Jeong, D. & Bae, J. Waya kai tsaye na eutectic gallium-indium zuwa na'urar lantarki don tsarin firikwensin taushi. Kim, S., Oh, J., Jeong, D. & Bae, J. Waya kai tsaye na eutectic gallium-indium zuwa na'urar lantarki don tsarin firikwensin taushi.Kim, S., Oh, J., Jeon, D. da Bae, J. Haɗin kai tsaye na eutectic gallium-indium zuwa na'urorin lantarki don tsarin ji mai laushi. Kim, S., Oh, J., Jeong, D. & Bae, J. 将共晶镓-铟直接连接到软传感器系统的金属电极。 Kim, S., Oh, J., Jeong, D. & Bae, J. 就共晶gallium-indium karfe lantarki kai tsaye haɗe zuwa tsarin firikwensin taushi.Kim, S., Oh, J., Jeon, D. da Bae, J. Haɗin kai tsaye na eutectic gallium-indium zuwa na'urorin lantarki don tsarin firikwensin taushi.ACS yana nufin almajiri.Hanyoyin sadarwa 11, 20557-20565 (2019).
Yun, G. et al.Liquid karfe-cikakken magnetoheological elastomers tare da tabbatacce piezoelectricity.Ƙungiyar jama'a.10, 1–9 (2019).
Kim, KK Ma'aunan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) mai shimfiɗawa yana iya shimfiɗawa tare da grid na grid na anisotropic karfe nanowires.Nanolet.15, 5240-5247 (2015).
Guo, H., Han, Y., Zhao, W., Yang, J. & Zhang, L. elastomer mai sarrafa kansa mai cin gashin kansa tare da tsayin daka. Guo, H., Han, Y., Zhao, W., Yang, J. & Zhang, L. elastomer mai sarrafa kansa mai cin gashin kansa tare da tsayin daka.Guo, H., Han, Yu., Zhao, W., Yang, J., da Zhang, L. elastomer mai iya warkar da kai tare da elasticity mai girma. Guo, H., Han, Y., Zhao, W., Yang, J. & Zhang, L. 具有高拉伸性的通用自主自愈弹性体。 Guo, H., Han, Y., Zhao, W., Yang, J. & Zhang, L.Guo H., Han Yu, Zhao W., Yang J. da Zhang L. Mai iya warkar da kai na layi mai tsayi mai tsayi.Ƙungiyar jama'a.11, 1–9 (2020).
Zhu X. et al.Ultradrawn karfe conductive zaruruwa ta amfani da ruwa karfe gami tsakiya.Ƙarfafa iyawa.almajiri.23, 2308-2314 (2013).
Khan, J. et al.Nazarin electrochemical latsa na ruwa karfe waya.ACS yana nufin almajiri.Interface 12, 31010-31020 (2020).
Lee H. et al.Haɓaka-haɓaka-haɓaka na ɗigon ƙarfe na ruwa tare da bionanofibers don sassauƙan halayen wutar lantarki da kunnawa.Ƙungiyar jama'a.10, 1–9 (2019).
Dickey, MD et al.Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn): ƙarfe ƙarfe na ruwa da ake amfani da shi don samar da tsayayyen sifofi a cikin microchannels a zafin daki.Ƙarfafa iyawa.almajiri.18, 1097-1104 (2008).
Wang, X., Guo, R. & Liu, J. Liquid karfe tushen robotics taushi: kayan, ƙira, da aikace-aikace. Wang, X., Guo, R. & Liu, J. Liquid karfe tushen robotics taushi: kayan, ƙira, da aikace-aikace.Wang, X., Guo, R. da Liu, J. Soft Robotics dangane da ruwa karfe: kayan, gini da aikace-aikace. Wang, X., Guo, R. & Liu, J. 基于液态金属的软机器人：材料、设计和应用。 Wang, X., Guo, R. & Liu, J. Liquid karfe mai taushi mutummutumi: kayan, ƙira da aikace-aikace.Wang, X., Guo, R. da Liu, J. Robots masu laushi dangane da ƙarfe na ruwa: kayan, gini da aikace-aikace.Babban almajiri.fasaha 4, 1800549 (2019).