Mawallafi - Labaran Ilimin Indiya, Ilimin Indiya, Ilimin Duniya, Labaran Kwalejin, Jami'o'i, Zaɓuɓɓukan Sana'a, Shiga, Ayyuka, Jarabawa, Makin Gwaji, Labaran Kwalejin, Labarin Ilimi
Production ya kasance a cikin babban lokacin rani.Dokar Chips da Kimiyya, wacce ta fara aiki a watan Agusta, tana wakiltar babban jari a masana'antar cikin gida a Amurka.Kudirin na nufin fadada masana'antar semiconductor na Amurka sosai, da karfafa hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki, da saka hannun jari a bincike da ci gaba don cimma sabbin nasarorin fasaha.A cewar John Hart, farfesa a injiniyan injiniya kuma darekta na Laboratory Manufacturing da Samfura a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Dokar Chip shine kawai sabon misali na sanannen karuwar sha'awa daga masana'anta a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Tasirin cutar kan sarkar samar da kayayyaki, siyasar duniya, da kuma dacewa da mahimmancin ci gaba mai dorewa, ”in ji Hart.Sabuntawa a cikin fasahar masana'antu.“Tare da girma mai da hankali kan masana'antu, dorewa yana buƙatar ba da fifiko.Kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duk hayaƙin iskar gas a cikin 2020 ya fito ne daga masana'antu da masana'antu.Haka kuma masana'antu da masana'antu na iya rage samar da ruwa na cikin gida da kuma samar da tarkace mai yawa, wasu daga cikinsu na iya zama masu guba.Don magance waɗannan matsalolin da tabbatar da sauye-sauyen tattalin arziƙin carbon, ya zama dole a haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki da hanyoyin masana'antu tare da fasahohin samarwa masu dorewa.Hart ya yi imanin injiniyoyin injiniyoyi suna da muhimmiyar rawar da za su taka a wannan rawar ta wucin gadi."Masu aikin injiniya na injiniya suna da ƙwarewa na musamman don magance matsalolin matsalolin da ke buƙatar fasahar kayan aiki na gaba da kuma sanin yadda za su daidaita hanyoyin su," in ji Hart, farfesa kuma wanda ya kammala digiri na Ma'aikatar Injiniyan Injiniya ta MIT.Yana ba da mafita ga matsalolin muhalli, yana ba da hanya don ƙarin dorewa nan gaba.Gradun: Cleantech Water Solutions Manufacturing yana buƙatar ruwa, da yawa.Matsakaicin masana'antar kera semiconductor yana amfani da fiye da galan miliyan 10 na ruwa kowace rana.duniya tana ƙara shan wahala daga fari.Gradiant yana ba da mafita ga wannan matsalar ruwa. Kamfanin yana jagorancin Anurag Bajpayee SM '08 PhD '12 da Prakash Govindan PhD '12 co-founders da majagaba a cikin ruwa mai dorewa ko ayyukan "tsaftataccen fasaha".Bajpayee da Govindan, a matsayin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri a dakin gwaje-gwajen Canja wurin zafi mai suna Rosenova Kendall, suna raba fasikanci da son yin aiki.A lokacin fari mai tsanani a Chennai, Indiya, Govindan ya haɓaka don samun digiri na uku na digiri na uku na fasaha na humidification-dehumidification wanda ke kwatanta yanayin yanayin damina.Wata fasaha da suka kira Carrier Gas Extraction (CGE), kuma a cikin 2013 su biyun sun kafa Gradient.CGE algorithm ne na mallakar mallaka wanda ke yin la'akari da bambance-bambance a cikin inganci da adadin ruwan sha mai shigowa.Algorithm ya dogara ne akan lambar da ba ta da girma, wanda Govindan ya taɓa ba da shawarar kiran lambar Linhard don girmama mai kula da shi.ingancin ruwa a cikin tsarin yana canzawa, fasahar mu ta atomatik tana aika sigina don daidaita yawan kwarara don mayar da lambar mara nauyi zuwa 1. Da zarar ya koma darajar 1, za ku kasance mafi kyawun ku, "in ji Govindan, COO na Gradiant. .Tsarin yana aiwatarwa da kuma kula da ruwan sha daga masana'antar kera don sake amfani da shi, a ƙarshe yana ceton miliyoyin daloli a cikin galan na ruwa.Yayin da kamfanin ya girma, ƙungiyar Gradiant ta ƙara sabbin fasahohi a cikin arsenal ɗinsu, gami da zaɓaɓɓen hakar gurɓataccen abu, hanyar tattalin arziƙi na kawar da wasu gurɓataccen abu kawai, da wani tsari da ake kira countercurrent reverse osmosis, hanyar maida hankali ga brine.Yanzu suna ba da cikakkiyar tsarin hanyoyin fasaha don maganin ruwa da ruwa mai sharar gida ga abokan ciniki a cikin masana'antu kamar su magunguna, makamashi, ma'adinai, abinci da abin sha, da masana'antar haɓaka semiconductor.“Mu ne masu samar da jimillar hanyoyin samar da ruwa.Muna da fasahohi iri-iri na mallakar mallaka kuma za mu zaɓi daga ƙugiyar mu bisa la'akari da bukatun abokan cinikinmu, "in ji Bajpayee, Shugaba na Gradiant.“Abokan ciniki suna ganin mu a matsayin abokin aikinsu na ruwa.Za mu iya magance matsalolinsu na ruwa tun daga farko har ƙarshe don su mai da hankali kan ainihin kasuwancin su.“Gradun ya sami ci gaba mai fashewa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.Ya zuwa yanzu, sun gina masana'antar ruwa da ruwa guda 450 wadanda ke kula da kwatankwacin gidaje miliyan 5 a rana.Tare da saye na baya-bayan nan, jimilar adadin ya karu zuwa sama da mutane 500.Ana nuna mafita a cikin abokan cinikin su, waɗanda suka haɗa da Pfizer, Anheuser-Busch InBev da Coca-Cola.Abokan cinikin su kuma sun haɗa da ƙwararrun ƙwararru kamar Micron Technology, GlobalFoundries, Intel da TSMC. ”Ruwan sharar gida da ruwan ultrapure na masu sarrafa na'urori sun haura da gaske, "in ji Bajpayee.Masu masana'antar Semiconductor suna buƙatar ruwa mai ƙarfi don samar da ruwa.Jimillar narkar da daskararru idan aka kwatanta da ruwan sha kaɗan ne a cikin miliyan.Ba kamar na farko ba, adadin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don samar da microchip yana tsakanin sassa da biliyan ko sassa a kowace quadrillion. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin yawan sake yin amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar masana'antu na semiconductor (ko masana'anta) a Singapore shine kawai 43%. Amfani da Ge C fasahar mu, wadannan masana'antu za su iya sake sarrafa kashi 98-99% na "Galan miliyan 10 na ruwa da suke bukata a kowace juzu'in samarwa.Wannan ruwan da aka sake yin fa'ida yana da tsafta don komawa cikin tsarin masana'antu."Mun kawar da wannan gurbataccen ruwa mai gurbataccen ruwa, wanda kusan kawar da dogaron da masana'antar kera na samar da ruwan sha na jama'a."Bajpayee A, fabry ci suna fuskantar matsin lamba don inganta amfani da ruwa, yana mai dawwama mai mahimmanci.don ƙarin tsire-tsire na Amurka ta hanyar rabuwa: ingantaccen tacewa sinadarai irin su Bajpayee da Govindan, Shreya Dave '09, SM'12, PhD '16 ta mai da hankali kan cire ruwa don PhD dinta.Karkashin jagorancin mai ba shi shawara, Jeffrey Grossman, Farfesa na Kimiyyar Materials da Injiniya, Dave ya ƙirƙira wani membrane wanda zai iya samar da mafi inganci kuma mai rahusa.Bayan farashi mai kyau da kuma bincike na kasuwa, Dave ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za a iya yin siyar da sinadaren salin ta ba.“Fasaha na zamani suna da kyau ga abin da suke yi.yi.Suna da arha, ana samarwa da yawa, kuma suna aiki sosai.Babu kasuwa don fasahar mu," in ji Dave.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ta kare karatunta, ta karanta labarin bita a cikin mujallar Nature wanda ya canza komai.Labarin ya gano matsalar.Rarraba sinadarai, wanda ke cikin zuciyar hanyoyin masana'antu da yawa, yana buƙatar kuzari mai yawa.Masana'antu suna buƙatar mafi inganci da ƙarancin tsadar membranes.Dave tayi tunanin zata iya samun mafita.Bayan gano cewa akwai damar tattalin arziki, Dave, Grossman, da Brent Keller, PhD '16, sun ƙirƙira Via Separations a cikin 2017. Jim kaɗan bayan haka, sun zaɓi Injin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni na farko da suka karɓi tallafin jari daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts.A halin yanzu, ana aiwatar da tacewar masana'antu ta hanyar dumama sinadarai a yanayin zafi sosai don raba mahadi.Dave ya kwatanta shi da tafasa duk ruwan har sai ya bushe don yin taliya kuma abin da ya rage shine spaghetti.A cikin samarwa, wannan hanyar rabuwar sinadarai ba ta da ƙarfi kuma ba ta da inganci.Via Separations ya ƙirƙiri sinadarai daidai da samfuran "tallafin taliya".Maimakon yin amfani da zafi don rabuwa, membranes su "tace" mahadi.Wannan hanyar tacewa sinadarai tana cinye 90% ƙasa da makamashi fiye da daidaitattun hanyoyin.Duk da yake yawancin membranes an yi su ne daga polymers, Via Separations membranes an yi su ne daga graphene mai oxidized, wanda zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi da yanayi mai tsanani.An daidaita membrane ɗin zuwa buƙatun abokin ciniki ta hanyar canza girman pore da daidaita sinadarai na saman.A halin yanzu, Dave da ƙungiyarta suna mai da hankali kan masana'antar ɓangaren litattafan almara da takarda a matsayin tushen su.Sun kirkiro tsarin da ke sake sarrafa wani abu da aka sani da "baƙar fata" mafi ƙarfin kuzari.takarda, kashi ɗaya bisa uku na biomass ne kawai ake amfani da shi don takarda.A halin yanzu, mafi mahimmancin amfani da ragowar kashi biyu bisa uku na takardar sharar gida shine a yi amfani da injin daskarewa don tafasa ruwa, tare da juya shi daga magudanar ruwa mai nisa zuwa rafi mai cike da tarin yawa, "in ji Dave.ana amfani da makamashin da aka samar don sarrafa aikin tacewa.”Wannan rufaffiyar tsarin yana cinye makamashi mai yawa a Amurka.Za mu iya yin haka ta hanyar sanya “net spaghetti” a cikin kasko, in ji Dave.VulcanForms: Masana'antu Scale Additive Manufacturing Ya koyar da wani kwas a kan 3D bugu, wanda aka fi sani da Additive Manufacturing (AM).Ko da yake ba shi ne babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali a kai ba a lokacin, amma ya mai da hankali kan bincike, amma ya ga batun yana da ban sha'awa.Kamar yadda ɗalibai da yawa suka yi a cikin ajin, gami da Martin Feldmann MEng '14.Feldmann ya shiga rukunin bincike na Hart cikakken lokaci bayan ya sami digiri na biyu a masana'antu na ci gaba.Nan suka daure kan sha'awar juna ta AM.Sun ga damar da za su ƙirƙira ta amfani da ingantaccen fasahar masana'anta na ƙarfe da aka sani da walƙiya na gado na foda kuma sun ba da shawarar kawo manufar masana'antar ƙari na ƙarfe zuwa sikelin masana'antu.A cikin 2015 sun kafa VulcanForms.Hart ya ce "Mun haɓaka Injin Injin AM don samar da sassa na ingantacciyar inganci da yawan aiki," in ji Hart.“Kuma mu.An haɗa na'urorin mu cikin cikakken tsarin masana'anta na dijital wanda ya haɗa masana'anta ƙari, bayan-aiki da machining daidai.“Ba kamar sauran kamfanonin da ke sayar da firintocin 3D ga wasu don kera sassa ba, VulcanForms na amfani da ayarin motocinsa don kera da siyar da sassan injin masana’antu ga abokan ciniki.VulcanForms ya girma zuwa kusan ma'aikata 400.Kungiyar ta bude aikinta na farko a bara.Kamfanin da ake kira "VulcanOne".Inganci da daidaiton sassan da VulcanForms ke samarwa yana da mahimmanci ga samfuran kamar su kayan aikin likitanci, masu musayar zafi da injunan jirgin sama.Injin su na iya buga siraran ƙarfe na ƙarfe.Hart, memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na kamfanin ya kara da cewa "Muna samar da sassan da ke da wahalar sarrafawa ko kuma, a wasu lokuta, ba za a iya kerawa ba."Fasahar da VulcanForms ta ƙera zai iya taimakawa wajen samar da sassa da samfurori a cikin hanyar da ta fi dacewa, ko dai ta hanyar hanyar ƙarawa, ko kuma a kaikaice ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki mafi dacewa da sassauƙa. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin VulcanForms da AM gaba ɗaya suna ba da gudummawa ga dorewa ta hanyar. tanadin kayan aiki.Yawancin kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin VulcanForms, irin su alloys titanium, suna buƙatar makamashi mai yawa.wani yanki na titanium, kuna amfani da kayan da ba su da yawa fiye da tsarin injinan gargajiya.Ingantaccen kayan aiki shine inda Hart ya ga AM yana yin babban bambanci dangane da tanadin makamashi.Hart Hart kuma ya nuna cewa AM na iya hanzarta haɓakawa a cikin fasahar makamashi mai tsabta, daga injunan jet mafi inganci zuwa ga masu haɓaka fusion na gaba a cikin. Canji a wannan fannin," Hart ya kara da cewa.Samfura: juzu'i.Farfesa injiniyan injiniya Kripa Varanasi da ƙungiyar LiquiGlide sun himmatu don ƙirƙirar makoma mara ƙarfi da rage ɓata mahimmanci a cikin tsari.An kafa shi a cikin 2012 ta Varanasi da alumnus David Smith SM '11, LiquiGlide ya haɓaka kayan shafa na musamman waɗanda ke ba da izinin ruwa don “zamewa” sama da saman.Kowane digo na samfur ana amfani da shi, ko an matse shi daga bututun man goge baki ko kuma an zubar da shi daga kwalbar lita 500 a masana'anta.Kwantena marasa juzu'i suna rage sharar samfur, kuma babu buƙatar tsaftace kwantena kafin sake yin amfani da su ko sake amfani da su.kamfanin ya samu ci gaba sosai a bangaren kayayyakin masarufi.Abokin ciniki na Colgate ya yi amfani da fasahar LiquiGlide a cikin ƙirar kwalban Colgate Elixir man goge baki, wanda ya lashe kyaututtukan ƙirar masana'antu da yawa.LiquiGlide ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da mashahurin mai zanen duniya Yves Behar don amfani da fasahar su ga kyakkyawa da tsabtace kayan samfur na sirri.A sa'i daya kuma, hukumar kula da ingancin abinci da magunguna ta Amurka, ta samar musu da na'ura mai inganci.Aikace-aikacen Biopharmaceutical suna haifar da dama.A cikin 2016, kamfanin ya haɓaka tsarin da ke samar da kwantena ba tare da tashe-tashen hankula ba.saman jiyya na tankuna ajiya, mazugi da hoppers, hana abu daga mannewa ga bango.Tsarin zai iya rage sharar kayan abu har zuwa 99%.“Wannan na iya zama da gaske mai canza wasa.Yana adana sharar samfur, yana rage ruwan datti daga tsaftace tanki, kuma yana taimakawa aikin masana'anta ya zama mara amfani, "in ji Varanasi, shugaban kamfanin LiquiGlide.akwati surface.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin akwati, har yanzu man shafawa yana shiga cikin rubutun.Sojojin capillary suna daidaitawa kuma suna ba da damar ruwa ya yada saman saman, ƙirƙirar saman mai mai dindindin wanda duk wani abu mai ɗanɗano zai iya zamewa akansa.Kamfanin yana amfani da algorithms na thermodynamic don tantance amintattun haɗe-haɗe na daskararru da ruwa dangane da samfurin, ko man goge baki ne ko fenti.Kamfanin ya gina na'urar feshin mutum-mutumi da za ta iya sarrafa kwantena da tankuna a masana'antar.Baya ga ceton kamfanin miliyoyin daloli a cikin sharar samfur, LiquiGlide yana rage yawan ruwan da ake buƙata don tsaftace waɗannan kwantena akai-akai inda samfurin yakan tsaya ga bango.Yana buƙatar tsaftacewa da ruwa mai yawa.Misali, a cikin aikin gona, akwai tsauraran dokoki don zubar da ruwa mai guba da ke haifarwa.Ana iya kawar da duk wannan tare da LiquiGlide, "in ji Varanasi.Yayin da yawancin masana'antun masana'antu suka rufe da wuri a cikin bala'in, suna rage saurin aiwatar da ayyukan matukin jirgi na CleanTanX a masana'antu, lamarin ya inganta a cikin 'yan watannin nan.Varanasi yana ganin haɓakar buƙatun fasahar LiquiGlide, musamman ga ruwaye irin su pastes na semiconductor.Kamfanoni irin su Gradant, Via Separations, VulcanForms da LiquiGlide suna tabbatar da cewa haɓaka samarwa ba lallai ne ya zo da tsadar muhalli ba.Ƙirƙirar masana'antu na da yuwuwar yin girma mai dorewa."injiniyoyin injiniya, masana'antu ya kasance tushen aikinmu koyaushe.Musamman ma, a MIT, a koyaushe an himmatu wajen tabbatar da masana'antu mai dorewa, "in ji Evelyn Wang, farfesa a fannin injiniya na Ford kuma tsohuwar shugabar sashen injiniyan injiniya.duniyarmu tana da kyau."Tare da dokoki kamar CHIPS da Dokar Kimiyya da ke ƙarfafa masana'antu, za a sami karuwar buƙatun farawa da kamfanoni waɗanda ke samar da mafita waɗanda ke rage tasirin muhalli, yana kawo mu kusa da makoma mai dorewa.
Tsofaffin MIT sun Gina Dandali don Sauƙaƙa Buga Ilimin Kimiyya A Duniya
Kwararrun MIT sun Taru Tare Don Samun Ƙarfafa Ta Cigaba a cikin Fasahar Neuro